Rule Of Thirds
The rule states that an image can be divided into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines. The four points formed by the intersections of these lines can be used to align features in the photography. Proponents of this technique claim that aligning a photograph with these points creates more tension, energy and interest in the photo than simply centering the feature would.
Depth Of Field
the depth of field (DOF) is the portion of a scene that appears sharp in the image. Although a lens can precisely focus at only one distance, the decrease in sharpness is gradual on either side of the focused distance, so that within the DOF, the unsharpness is imperceptible under normal viewing conditions.
Filling The Frame
Fill the frame with as much of the subject as you can. This can be done by getting in extremley close, or simply changing your angle of perspective. Any distracting background is eliminated, and the image is much more intimate, viewed at an eye to eye level.
Use Of Lines
Lines can be used to lead the eye to the point of interest and prevent the eye from wandering. Lines can put emphasis on distance or illustrate a relationship to foreground and background elements. Vertical lines can suggest dominance, power and growth. Some excellent examples include tall structural designs and trees.
Horizontal lines can suggest peace, calmness and a sense of restfulness. Some prime examples include fallen trees, the ocean, beaches and horizons.
